Mozart: A Life, by Maynard Solomon © 1995
I spent
the past five weeks winding my way through a thick biography of Wolfgang
Amadeus Mozart. Why? Well, first of all, Little One spent a weekend of her
semester abroad back in March in Austria, specifically Salzburg, a small city
whose main claim to fame is it being Mozart’s birthplace. Then a few days later,
completely at random and with eerie synchronicity, I spotted the
above biography on sale for $1 at my local library. I took it as a sign and put
it in the immediate On-Deck Circle. Third, and on a lesser note, I have been
browsing through my copy of Schonberg’s Lives of the Composers while
listening to my growing record collection and felt like I might want to augment
it with a small book collection. And finally, I realized that the only thing I
really knew of the great Mozart is what I remembered from that movie Amadeus,
parts of which I last saw forty years ago.
Anyway, the
biography taught me much about the great composer. Generally and invariably Mozart
is regarded as one of the Big Three of classical music: Bach, Mozart, and Beethoven.
In my amateur career as a classical music enthusiast and aficionado, however, I
wouldn’t have put him in my top three. I was fairly familiar with his major
works and appreciated his crisp, clear, clean compositional style, but it
didn’t move me. Would it, after a thorough reading of this biography?
I felt the
best way to answer this question was to also listen to at least one piece by
the maestro every day. All in all, I listened to 45 compositions while working
my way through the biography.
I did a
little research before starting the book. Mozart: A Life was a finalist
in the Pulitzer Price biography category. Solomon himself founded Vanguard
Records and taught at Julliard, in addition to several Ivy League schools. He
also authored a similar biography of Beethoven. Skimming through it I saw numerous
pages of musical scores, so with excited anticipation I dove in.
And was
kinda disappointed. Overall, if pressed I’d give the book a B+. True, I left
feeling that I knew Wolfgang; it filled in a lot of gaps from my sparse
knowledge of his life and I gained a working knowledge of his, er, work. But
right from the start and running almost through the entire 519 pages was
Mozart’s oppressive, domineering, often misguided father Leopold. Mozart was a
child prodigy, a virtuoso on the keyboard and quite adept at the violin, who
began composing at age 5. His father, a middling composer himself whose
abrasive personality failed to secure him a prominent position in any of the
courts of Europe, saw in the boy a means to bring fame and financial success to
the family. Mozart’s older sister was also a virtuoso in her own right, and
Leopold had them touring northern Europe and Italy several times as children,
performing before royalty and the upper classes. So the biography devoted a
hefty chunk to psychoanalyzing our hero.
(And I
realized that Mozart’s best 20th-century analog – and it’s not a perfect
comparison – would be to a certain extent Michael Jackson.)
Solomon
also devotes a crazy amount of space on Mozart’s finances – how much he earned
per performance, how much he earned per year, his expenses, Leopold’s finances,
the family finances, the finances of the family of Mozart’s wife, Constanze Weber,
and how much composers and musicians earned at the time and in which city in
service to which prince. It was all so distracting and ultimately meaningless.
Mozart lives on for his music, not for the amount of ducats, florins, kreuzers,
or louis d’ors that flowed through his coffers.
In fairness,
Solomon does devote three entire chapters, one in each Part, to Mozart’s compositions:
Chapter 8, “A Composer’s Voice”, Chapter 24, “Fearful Symmetries”, and an
analysis of his opera in the ultimate chapter, Chapter 32, “The Power of Music.”
All well and good and interesting. I’d like to re-read these three chapters in
the future. But I think I’d like even better (and perhaps this exposes my lack
of familiarity with Mozart’s works) is a more chronological approach where each
major work is explained in terms of how Mozart’s mastery evolved and the effect
each had upon the zeitgeist.
One thing
I learned almost immediately, and the one thing I’d like you to take away from
this post, is that the award-winning 1984 film Amadeus is a complete work
of fiction. It’s based on nearly two-hundred-year-old speculation that grew
into its own mythology. Just about every detail about Amadeus is
incorrect, save for the fact that Mozart was an 18th-century composer who
married a woman named Costanze and another composer named Salieri existed around
the same time. Even the movie’s writer and director called it a “fantasia on
the theme of Mozart and Salieri.” One of the first things I did with Solomon’s
biography was turn to the Index and look for Salieri. His name appears on 9 of
the book’s 519 pages.
So did my
opinion of Mozart change during and after reading Mozart: A Life and
sampling his works on a daily basis? You bet! As stated above, I always felt
his music to be crisp and clean, “pure” like water from a cold mountain stream,
meandering in and out and around in the ether yet always resolving itself into
the perfect notes (chords) needed at the perfect moment. Sublime. I made a
conscious decision to move my focus around the music beside simply the melody,
to study the undercurrents, the tempos and harmony, the internal counterpoints
and countermovements, the emotions that these meanderings brought up within me.
It’s hard to put into words (and now I have a little bit more sympathy for Mr.
Solomon). But I enjoyed the exercises and I found myself enjoying the pieces I
listened to.
The works
I loved the most?
Andante
(second movement) from Symphony No. 1 in E-flat, K. 16
Serenade No. 13 in G, “Eine Kleine Nachtmusik”, K. 525
Andante
(second movement) from Symphony No. 36 “Linz”
Serenade
No. 10 in B-flat, K. 361/370a, II: Adagio
“Haydn”
String Quartet No. 18 in A, K. 464, III: Andante
Cosi fan
tutte, K. 588 Act I: Overture
Divertimento
No. 17 in D major, IV, K. 334
Divertimento
No. 17 in D major, VI, K. 334
Piano Sonata
No. 3 in B-flat, K. 281
Symphony
No. 29 in A, K. 201/186a
Violin
Sonata No. 18 in G, K. 301
Mozart was
born on January 27, 1756 and died on December 5, 1791, at the age of 35. He
died most likely of a combination of rheumatic fever and the medical
(mal)practice of the day. He was not poisoned by Salieri.
[N.B. 1 – Other
notable Salzburgians include Paracelsus, 16th-century physician; Christian
Doppler of the Doppler effect; the Von Trapps of Sound of Music fame;
Herbert von Karajan, noted conductor of whom I own many of his orchestral CDs;
Theodor Herzl, founder of Zionism; and Joseph Haydn’s younger brother, Johann
Michael. Mozart was an acquaintance of the older Haydn and, while not exactly
buddies, they did meet several times and held mutually high opinions of each
other.]
[N.B. 2 – “K”
numbers stand for Köchel numbers (pronounced between “kohshell”
and “kershell” and are an attempt at a chronological catalogue of Mozart’s work
published in 1862 by the man whom it’s named after. Since then it’s been
revised six times, the last edition in 1964; when two K numbers appear after a work
by Mozart the first represents the first edition Kochel number and the second
the number of the sixth edition. The original catalogue ran up to 626 works.]
For those keeping score at home (and as a reference for Future Me):
Mozart
works I own –
Best of Mozart (CD bought May 1992)
Serenade in G, “Eine Kleine
Nachtmusik”, K. 525
Symphony No. 29 in A, K. 201
Symphony No. 41 in C, “Jupiter”, K.
551
Overture to “The Marriage of Figaro”,
K. 492
Symphony No. 1 in E-flat, K 216
Masters of Classical Music: Wolfgang Amadeus
Mozart (CD, Christmas gift 1993)
Eleven miscellaneous short pieces
Mozart: The Last Five Symphonies (CD bought
August 1999)
Symphony No. 36 in C, “Linz”, K. 425
Symphony No. 38 in D, “Prague”, K.
504
Symphony No. 39 in E-flat, K. 543
Symphony No. 40 in G-minor, K. 550
Symphony No. 41 in C, “Jupiter”, K.
551
Mozart: Kronungsmesse (Record, Christmas
gift 2022)
Coronation Mass No. 14 in C, K. 317
Motet
“Exsultate, Jubilate”, K. 165
Great
Mass in Cm, K. 427
Obras para piano a cuatro manos
(Record, birthday gift 2023)
Sonata in B-flat for Piano
Four-Hands, K. 358
5
Variations in G, K. 501
Fantasia
in F minor for a Mechanical Organ, K. 608
Piano
Sonata in C for Four-Hands (doubtful), K. 19
Soundtrack to the movie Amadeus
(Record bought May 2024)
Selections
of Mozart’s work I listened to while reading the biography:
Symphony No. 41 in C, K. 551 “Jupiter”
Horn Concerto No. 1 in D, K. 386b (K.
412/514)
Horn Concerto No. 2 in Eb, K. 417
Horn Concerto No. 3 in Eb, K. 447
Horn Concerto No. 4 in Eb, K. 495
Symphony No. 39 in Eb, K. 543
Symphony No. 40 in Gm, K. 550 “Great G minor
Symphony”
Clarinet Concerto in A, K. 622
Coronation Mass No. 14 in C, K. 317
Clarinet Quintet in A, “Stadler”, K. 581
Symphony No. 36 in C, “Linz”, K. 425
Symphony No. 35 in D, “Haffner”, K. 385
Symphony No. 38 in D, “Prague”, K. 504
Serenade No. 13 in G, “Eine Kleine
Nachtmusik”, K. 525
Idomeneo, re di Creta, Acts I and II, K. 366
Piano Concerto No. 20 in D-minor,
K. 466
Piano Concerto
No. 21 in C, K. 467
Symphony No. 1 in E-flat, K. 16
Serenade No. 10 in B-flat, I-IV, K. 361/370a
“Gran Partita”
Marriage of Figaro Overture, K. 492
Piano Sonata No. 12 in F, K.
332/300k
Piano Concerto
No. 20 in D-minor, K. 466
Piano Sonata No.
1 in C, K. 279
Piano Sonata No.
2 in F, K. 280
Piano Sonata No. 3 in B-flat, K.
281
Die Zauberflöte, K. 620, OT and part of Act
I
Die Zauberflöte, K. 620, continuation of Act
I
“Haydn” String Quartet No. 14 in G,
"Spring", K. 387
“Haydn” String Quartet No. 15 in D minor, K.
421
“Haydn” String Quartet No. 16 in E-flat, K.
428
“Haydn” String Quartet No. 17 in B-flat,
"The Hunt", K. 458
“Haydn” String Quartet No. 18 in A, K. 464
Cosi fan tutte, K. 588 Act I: Overture
Side One of “Amadeus” Soundtrack
Symphony No. 25 in G minor, “Little G
minor Symphony”, I, K. 183
Serenade No. 10 for Winds in B-flat, “Gran
Partita”, III, K. 361
The Abduction from the Seraglio, Turkish
Finale, K. 384
Symphony No. 29 in A, I, K. 201
Divertimento No. 17 in D major, I-III,
K. 334
Divertimento No. 17 in D major, IV-VI,
K. 334
Piano Sonata No. 3 in B-flat, K. 281
Piano Sonata No. 10 in C, K. 330
Piano Sonata No. 13 in B-flat, K. 333
Symphony No. 29 in A, K. 201/186a
Don Giovanni, Overture, K. 527
Violin Sonata No. 24 in F, K. 376
Violin Sonata No. 18 in G, K. 301
Violin Sonata No. 21 in E-minor, K. 304
Requiem in D-minor, K. 626